A39模拟器

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/arc.md
```
# Arc (lv_arc)
## Overview
The Arc are consists of a background and a foreground arc. The foregrond (indicator) arc can be adjusted by finger.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` It draws a background using the typical background style properties and an arc using the arc style properties. The arc's size and position will respect the *padding* style properties.
- `LV_PART_INDICATOR` It draws an other arc using the *arc* style properties. It's padding values are interpreted relative to the background arc.
- `LV_PART_KNOB`It draws a handle on the end of the indicator. It uses all background properties and padding values. With zero padding the knob size is the same as the indicator's width.
Larger padding makes it larger, smaller padding makes it smaller.
## Usage
### Value and range
A new value can be set by `lv_arc_set_value(arc, new_value)`.
The value is interpreted in a range (minimum and maximum values) which can be modified with `lv_arc_set_range(arc, min, max)`.
The default range is 1..100.
The indicator arc is drawn on the main part's arc. That is if the vale is set to maximum the indicator arc will cover the entire "background" arc.
To set the start and end angl of the background arc use the `lv_arc_set_bg_angles(arc, start_angle, end_angle)` function or `lv_arc_set_bg_start/end_angle(arc, start_angle)`.
Zero degree is at the middle right (3 o'clock) of the object and the degrees are increasing in clockwise direction.
The angles should be in [0;360] range.
### Rotation
An offset to the 0 degree position can added with `lv_arc_set_rotation(arc, deg)`.
### Mode
The arc can be one of the following modes:
- `LV_ARC_MODE_NORMAL` The indicator arc is drawn from the minimimum value to the current.
- `LV_ARC_MODE_REVERSE` The indicator arc is drawn counter clockwise from the maximum value to the current.
- `LV_ARC_MODE_SYMMETRICAL` The indicator arc is drawn from the middle point to the current value.
The mode can be set by `lv_arc_set_mode(arc, LV_ARC_MODE_...)` and used only if the the angle is set by `lv_arc_set_value()` or the arc is adjusted by finger.
### Change rate
If the the arc is pressed the current value will set with a limited speed according to the set *change rate*.
The change rate is defined in degree/second unit and can be set with `lv_arc_set_change_rage(arc, rate)`
### Setting the indicator manually
It also possible to set the angles o the indicator arc directly with `lv_arc_set_angles(arc, start_angle, end_angle)` function or `lv_arc_set_start/end_angle(arc, start_angle)` sets the angles of the indicator arc.
In this case the set "value" and "mode" is ignored.
In other words, settings angles and values are independent. You should use either value and angle settings. Mixing the two might result unintended behavior.
To make the arc non-adjutabe remove the style of the knob and make the object non-clickable:
```c
lv_obj_remove_style(arc, NULL, LV_PART_KNOB);
lv_obj_clear_flag(arc, LV_OBJ_FLAG_CLICKABLE);
```
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` sent when the arc is pressed/dragged to set a new value.
- `LV_EVENT_DRAW_PART_BEGIN` and `LV_EVENT_DRAW_PART_END` are sent for the background rectangle, the background arc, the foreground arc and the knob to allow hooking the drawing.
For more detail on the backround rectangle part see the [Base object](/widgets/obj#events)'s documentation. The fields of `lv_obj_draw_dsc_t` is set like the followings:
- For both arcs: `clip_area`, `p1` (center of the arc), `radius`, `arc_dsc`, `part`.
- For the knob: `clip_area`, `draw_area`, `rect_dsc`, `part`.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
- `LV_KEY_RIGHT/UP` Increases the value by one.
- `LV_KEY_LEFT/DOWN` Decreases the value by one.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/arc/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_arc.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/bar.md
```
# Bar (lv_bar)
## Overview
The bar object has a background and an indicator on it. The width of the indicator is set according to the current value of the bar.
Vertical bars can be created if the width of the object is smaller than its height.
Not only the end, but the start value of the bar can be set which changes the start position of the indicator.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The background of the bar and it uses the typical background style properties. Adding padding makes the indicator smaller or larger. The `anim_time` style property sets the animation time if the values set with `LV_ANIM_ON`.
- `LV_PART_INDICATOR` The indicator and it also also uses all the typical background properties.
## Usage
### Value and range
A new value can be set by `lv_bar_set_value(bar, new_value, LV_ANIM_ON/OFF)`.
The value is interpreted in a range (minimum and maximum values) which can be modified with `lv_bar_set_range(bar, min, max)`.
The default range is 1..100.
The new value in `lv_bar_set_value` can be set with or without an animation depending on the last parameter (`LV_ANIM_ON/OFF`).
### Modes
The bar can be one the following modes:
- `LV_BAR_MODE_NORMAL` A normal bar as described above
- `LV_BAR_SYMMETRICAL` Draw the indicator form the zero value to current value. Requires negaitve minimum range and positive maximum range.
- `LV_BAR_RANGE` Allows setting the start value too by `lv_bar_set_start_value(bar, new_value, LV_ANIM_ON/OFF)`. The start value has to be always smaller than the end value.
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_DRAW_PART_BEGIN` and `LV_EVENT_DRAW_PART_END` are sent for both main and indicator parts to allow hooking the drawing.
The for more detail on the main part see the [Base object](/widgets/obj#events)'s documentation.
For the indicator the following fields are used: `clip_area`, `draw_area`, `rect_dsc`, `part`.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
No *Keys* are processed by the object type.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/bar/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_bar.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/btn.md
```
# Button (lv_btn)
## Overview
Buttons has no new features compared to the [Base object](/widgets/obj). It usufule for semantic purposes and has slightly different default settings.
Buttons differ from Base object in the following points by default:
- Not scrollable
- Added to the default group
- Its default height and width is `LV_SIZE_CONTENT`
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The background of the button. It uses the typical background style properties.
## Usage
There are no new features compared to [Base object](/widgets/obj).
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` when the `LV_OBJ_FLAG_CHECKABLE` flag is enabled and the obejct clicked (on transition to/from the checked state)
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
If `LV_OBJ_FLAG_CHECKABLE` is enabled `LV_KEY_RIGHT` and `LV_KEY_UP` makes the object checked, and `LV_KEY_LEFT` and `LV_KEY_DOWN` makes it unchecked.
Note that, the state of `LV_KEY_ENTER` is translated to `LV_EVENT_PRESSED/PRESSING/RELEASED` etc.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/btn/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_btn.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/btnmatrix.md
```
# Button matrix (lv_btnmatrix)
## Overview
The Button Matrix objects can display multiple buttons in rows and columns.
The Button matrix object is very light weighted because the buttons are not created just virtually drawn on the fly.
This way, 1 button use only 8 extra bytes instead of the ~100-150 byte size of a normal [Button](/widgets/core/btn) object and other ~100 byte for the size of the [Label](/widgets/core/label) object.
The Button matrix is added to the deafult group (if it is set). Besides the Button matrix is an editable object to allow selecting and clicing the buttons with encoder navigation too.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The bacground of the button matrix. It uses the typical background style properties. `pad_row` and `pad_column` sets the space between the buttons.
- `LV_PART_ITEMS` The buttons and they all use the text and typical background style properties expect translations and transformations.
## Usage
### Button's text
There is a text on each button. To specify them a descriptor string array, called *map*, needs to be used.
The map can be set with `lv_btnmatrix_set_map(btnm, my_map)`.
The declaration of a map should look like `const char * map[] = {"btn1", "btn2", "btn3", NULL}`.
Note that, the last element has to be `NULL` or an empty string (`""`)!
Use `"\n"` in the map to make **line break**. E.g. `{"btn1", "btn2", "\n", "btn3", ""}`. Each line's buttons have their width calculated automatically.
So in the example the first row will have 2 buttons each with 50% width and a second row with 1 button having 100% width.
### Control buttons
The buttons' width can be set relative to the other button in the same row with `lv_btnmatrix_set_btn_width(btnm, btn_id, width)`
E.g. in a line with two buttons: *btnA, width = 1* and *btnB, width = 2*, *btnA* will have 33 % width and *btnB* will have 66 % width.
It's similar to how the [`flex-grow`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/flex-grow) property works in CSS.
The width's value mus be in the \[1..7\] range and the deafult width is 1.
In addition to the width, each button can be customized with the following parameters:
- `LV_BTNMATRIX_CTRL_HIDDEN` Makes a button hidden (hidden buttons still take up space in the layout, they are just not visible or clickable)
- `LV_BTNMATRIX_CTRL_NO_REPEAT` Disable repeating when the button is long pressed
- `LV_BTNMATRIX_CTRL_DISABLED` Makes a button disabled Like `LV_STATE_DISABLED` on normal objects
- `LV_BTNMATRIX_CTRL_CHECKABLE` Enable toggling of a button. I.e. `LV_STATE_CHECHED` will be added/removed as the button is clicked
- `LV_BTNMATRIX_CTRL_CHECKED` MAke the button checked. It will use the `LV_STATE_CHECHKED` styles.
- `LV_BTNMATRIX_CTRL_CLICK_TRIG` Enabled: send LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGE on CLICK, Disabled: send LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGE on PRESS*/
- `LV_BTNMATRIX_CTRL_RECOLOR` Enable recoloring of button texts with `#`. E.g. `"It's #ff0000 red#"`
- `LV_BTNMATRIX_CTRL_CUSTOM_1` Custom free to use flag
- `LV_BTNMATRIX_CTRL_CUSTOM_2` Custom free to use flag
By deafult all flags are disabled.
To set or clear a button's control attribute, use `lv_btnmatrix_set_btn_ctrl(btnm, btn_id, LV_BTNM_CTRL_...)` and
`lv_btnmatrix_clear_btn_ctrl(btnm, btn_id, LV_BTNMATRIX_CTRL_...)` respectively. More `LV_BTNM_CTRL_...` values can be OR-ed
To set/clear the same control attribute for all buttons of a button matrix, use `lv_btnmatrix_set_btn_ctrl_all(btnm, btn_id, LV_BTNM_CTRL_...)` and
`lv_btnmatrix_clear_btn_ctrl_all(btnm, btn_id, LV_BTNMATRIX_CTRL_...)`.
The set a control map for a button matrix (similarly to the map for the text), use `lv_btnmatrix_set_ctrl_map(btnm, ctrl_map)`.
An element of `ctrl_map` should look like `ctrl_map[0] = width | LV_BTNM_CTRL_NO_REPEAT | LV_BTNM_CTRL_CHECHKABLE`.
The number of elements should be equal to the number of buttons (excluding newlines characters).
### One check
The "One check" feature can be enabled with `lv_btnmatrix_set_one_check(btnm, true)` to allow only one button to be checked at once.
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` Sent when a button is pressed/released or repeated after long press. The event paramter is set to the ID of the pressed/released button.
- `LV_EVENT_DRAW_PART_BEGIN` and `LV_EVENT_DRAW_PART_END` are sent for both the main and the items (buttons) parts to allow hooking the drawing.
The for more detail on the main part see the [Base object](/widgets/obj#events)'s documentation.
For the buttons the following fields are used: `clip_area`, `draw_area`, `rect_dsc`, `rect_dsc`, `part`, `id` (index of the button being drawn).
`lv_btnmatrix_get_selected_btn(btnm)` returns the index of the lastly pressed, released or focused button or `LV_BTNMATRIX_BTN_NONE` if no such button.
`lv_btnmatrix_get_btn_text(btnm, btn_id)` returns a pointer to the text of `btn_id`th button.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
- `LV_KEY_RIGHT/UP/LEFT/RIGHT` To navigate among the buttons to select one
- `LV_KEY_ENTER` To press/release the selected button
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/btnmatrix/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_btnmatrix.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/canvas.md
```
# Canvas (lv_canvas)
## Overview
A Canvas inherites from [Image](/widgets/core/img) where the user can draw anything.
Rectangles, texts, images, lines, arcs can be drawn here using lvgl's drawing engine.
Besides some "effects" can be applied as well like rotation, zoom and blur.
## Parts and Styles
`LV_PART_MAIN` Uses the typical rectangle style properties and image style properties.
## Usage
### Buffer
The Canvas needs a buffer which stores the drawn image.
To assign a buffer to a Canvas, use `lv_canvas_set_buffer(canvas, buffer, width, height, LV_IMG_CF_...)`.
Where `buffer` is a static buffer (not just a local variable) to hold the image of the canvas.
For example,
`static lv_color_t buffer[LV_CANVAS_BUF_SIZE_TRUE_COLOR(width, height)]`.
`LV_CANVAS_BUF_SIZE_...` macros help to determine the size of the buffer with different color formats.
The canvas supports all the built-in color formats like `LV_IMG_CF_TRUE_COLOR` or `LV_IMG_CF_INDEXED_2BIT`.
See the full list in the [Color formats](/overview/image.html#color-formats) section.
### Indexed colors
For `LV_IMG_CF_INDEXED_1/2/4/8` color formats a palette needs to be
initialized with `lv_canvas_set_palette(canvas, 3, LV_COLOR_RED)`. It sets pixels with *index=3* to red.
### Drawing
To set a pixel on the canvas, use `lv_canvas_set_px(canvas, x, y, LV_COLOR_RED)`.
With `LV_IMG_CF_INDEXED_...` or `LV_IMG_CF_ALPHA_...`, the index of the color or the alpha value needs to be passed as color.
E.g. `lv_color_t c; c.full = 3;`
`lv_canvas_fill_bg(canvas, LV_COLOR_BLUE, LV_OPA_50)` fills the whole canvas to blue with 50% opacity. Note that, if the current color format doesn't support colors (e.g. `LV_IMG_CF_ALPHA_2BIT`) the color will be ignored.
Similarly, if opacity is not supported (e.g. `LV_IMG_CF_TRUE_COLOR`) it will be ignored.
An array of pixels can be copied to the canvas with `lv_canvas_copy_buf(canvas, buffer_to_copy, x, y, width, height)`.
The color format of the buffer and the canvas need to match.
To draw something to the canvas use
- `lv_canvas_draw_rect(canvas, x, y, width, heigth, &draw_dsc)`
- `lv_canvas_draw_text(canvas, x, y, max_width, &draw_dsc, txt)`
- `lv_canvas_draw_img(canvas, x, y, &img_src, &draw_dsc)`
- `lv_canvas_draw_line(canvas, point_array, point_cnt, &draw_dsc)`
- `lv_canvas_draw_polygon(canvas, points_array, point_cnt, &draw_dsc)`
- `lv_canvas_draw_arc(canvas, x, y, radius, start_angle, end_angle, &draw_dsc)`
`draw_dsc` is a `lv_draw_rect/label/img/line/arc_dsc_t` variable which should be first initialized with `lv_draw_rect/label/img/line/arc_dsc_init()` function and then it's filed should be modified with the desired colors and other values.
The draw function can draw to any color format. For example, it's possible to draw a text to an `LV_IMG_VF_ALPHA_8BIT` canvas and use the result image as a [draw mask](/overview/drawing) later.
### Transformations
`lv_canvas_transform()` can be used to rotate and/or scale the image of an image and store the result on the canvas.
The function needs the following parameters:
- `canvas` pointer to a canvas object to store the result of the transformation.
- `img pointer` to an image descriptor to transform. Can be the image descriptor of an other canvas too (`lv_canvas_get_img()`).
- `angle` the angle of rotation (0..3600), 0.1 deg resolution
- `zoom` zoom factor (256 no zoom, 512 double size, 128 half size);
- `offset_x` offset X to tell where to put the result data on destination canvas
- `offset_y` offset X to tell where to put the result data on destination canvas
- `pivot_x` pivot X of rotation. Relative to the source canvas. Set to `source width / 2` to rotate around the center
- `pivot_y` pivot Y of rotation. Relative to the source canvas. Set to `source height / 2` to rotate around the center
- `antialias` true: apply anti-aliasing during the transformation. Looks better but slower.
Note that a canvas can't be rotated on itself. You need a source and destination canvas or image.
### Blur
A given area of the canvas can be blurred horizontally with `lv_canvas_blur_hor(canvas, &area, r)` or vertically with `lv_canvas_blur_ver(canvas, &area, r)`.
`r` is the radius of the blur (greater value means more intensive burring). `area` is the area where the blur should be applied (interpreted relative to the canvas)
## Events
The same events are sent than for the [Images](/widgets/core/img).
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
No *Keys* are processed by the object type.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/canvas/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_canvas.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/checkbox.md
```
# Checkbox (lv_checkbox)
## Overview
The Checkbox object is created from a "tick box" and a label.
When the Chackbox is clicked the tick box is toggled.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The is the background of the Checkbox and it uses the text and all the typical backround style properties.
`pad_column` adjusts the spacing between the tickbox and the label
- `LV_PART_INDICATOR` The "tick box" is a square the uses all the typical backround style properties.
By deafult its size is equal to the height of the main part's font. Padding properties makes the tick boy larger in the respectiev directions.
The Checkbox is added to the deafult group (if it is set).
## Usage
### Text
The text can be modified by the `lv_checkbox_set_text(cb, "New text")` function.
It will dynamically allocate the text.
To set a static text,
use `lv_checkbox_set_static_text(cb, txt)`. This way, only a pointer of `txt` will be stored and it shouldn't be deallocated while the checkbox exists.
### Check, uncheck, disable
You can manually check, un-check, and disable the Checkbox by using the common state state add/clear function:
```c
lv_obj_add_state(cb, LV_STATE_CHECKED); /*Make the chekbox checked*/
lv_obj_clear_state(cb, LV_STATE_CHECKED); /*MAke the checkbox unchecked*/
lv_obj_add_state(cb, LV_STATE_CHECKED | LV_STATE_DISABLED); /*Make the checkbox checked and disabled*/
```
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` Sent when the checkbox is toggled.
- `LV_EVENT_DRAW_PART_BEGIN` and `LV_EVENT_DRAW_PART_END` are sent for both main and indicator parts to allow hooking the drawing.
The for more detail on the main part see the [Base object](/widgets/obj#events)'s documentation.
For the indicator the following fields are used: `clip_area`, `draw_area`, `rect_dsc`, `part`.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
The following *Keys* are processed by the 'Buttons':
- `LV_KEY_RIGHT/UP` Go to toggled state if toggling is enabled
- `LV_KEY_LEFT/DOWN` Go to non-toggled state if toggling is enabled
- `LV_KEY_ENTER` Clicks the checkbox and toggles it
Note that, as usual, the state of `LV_KEY_ENTER` is translated to `LV_EVENT_PRESSED/PRESSING/RELEASED` etc.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/checkbox/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_checkbox.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/dropdown.md
```
# Drop-down list (lv_dropdown)
## Overview
The drop-down list allows the user to select one value from a list.
The drop-down list is closed by default and displays a single value or a predefined text.
When activated (by click on the drop-down list), a list is created from which the user may select one option.
When the user selects a new value, the list is deleted.
The Drop-down list is added to the deafult group (if it is set). Besides the Drop-down list is an editable object to allow selecting an option with encoder navigation too.
## Parts and Styles
The Dropdown widgets is built from the elements: a "button" and a "list" (they are not realted to the butto and list widgets)
### Button
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The background of the button. It uses the typicaly background proeprties and text proeprties for the text on it.
- `LV_PART_INDICATOR` Typically an arrow symbol that can be an image or a text (`LV_SYMBOL`).
The button goes to `LV_STATE_CHECKED` when its opened.
### List
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The list itself and it uses the typical background proeprties. `max_height` can be used to limit the height of the list.
- `LV_PART_SCROLLBAR` The scrollbar the background, border, shadow properties and width (for its width) and right padding for the spacing on the right.
- `LV_PART_SELECTED` Refers to the currently pressed, checked or prssed+checked option.
It also uses the typical background properties.
As the list not exists when the drop-down list is closed it's not possible to simply add styles to it.
Instead the following should be done:
1. Ad an event handler to the button for `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` (triggered when the list is opened/closed)
2. Use `lv_obj_t * list = lv_dropdown_get_list(dropdown)`
3. `if(list != NULL) {/*Add the styles to the list*/}`
Alternatively the the theme can be extended with the new styles.
## Usage
## Overview
### Set options
The options are passed to the drop-down list as a string with `lv_dropdown_set_options(dropdown, options)`. The options should be separated by `\n`. For example: `"First\nSecond\nThird"`.
The string will be saved in the drop-down list, so it can in local variable too.
The `lv_dropdown_add_option(dropdown, "New option", pos)` function inserts a new option to `pos` index.
To save memory the options can set from a static(constant) string too with `lv_dropdown_set_static_options(dropdown, options)`.
In this case the options string should be alive while the drop-down list exists and `lv_dropdown_add_option` can't be used
You can select an option manually with `lv_dropdown_set_selected(dropdown, id)`, where `id` is the index of an option.
### Get selected option
The get the currently selected option, use `lv_dropdown_get_selected(dropdown)`. It will return the *index* of the selected option.
`lv_dropdown_get_selected_str(dropdown, buf, buf_size)` copies the name of the selected option to a `buf`.
### Direction
The list can be created on any side. The default `LV_DIR_BOTTOM` can be modified by `lv_dropdown_set_dir(dropdown, LV_DIR_LEFT/RIGHT/UP/BOTTOM)` function.
If the list would be vertically out of the screen, it will aligned to the edge.
### Symbol
A symbol (typically an arrow) can be added to the drop down list with `lv_dropdown_set_symbol(dropdown, LV_SYMBOL_...)`
If the direction of the drop-down list is `LV_DIR_LEFT` the symbol will be shown on the left, else on the right.
### Show selected
The main part can either show the selected option or a static text. If a static is set with `lv_dropdown_set_text(dropdown, "Some text")` it will be shown regardless to th selected option.
Id the text text is `NULL` the selected option is displayed on the button.
### Manually open/close
To manually open or close the drop-down list the `lv_dropdown_open/close(dropdown)` function can be used.
## Events
Besides the [Generic events](../overview/event.html#generic-events), the following [Special events](../overview/event.html#special-events) are sent by the drop-down list:
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` Sent when the new option is selected or the list is opened/closed.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
- `LV_KEY_RIGHT/DOWN` Select the next option.
- `LV_KEY_LEFT/UP` Select the previous option.
- `LY_KEY_ENTER` Apply the selected option (Send `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` event and close the drop-down list).
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/dropdown/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_dropdown.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/img.md
```
# Image (lv_img)
## Overview
Images are the basic object to display images from the flash (as arrays) or externally as files. Images can display symbols (`LV_SYMBOL_...`) too.
Using the [Image decoder interface](/overview/image.html#image-decoder) custom image formats can be supported as well.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` A background rectangle that uses the typical background style proeprties and the image itself using teh image style proeprties.
## Usage
### Image source
To provide maximum flexibility, the source of the image can be:
- a variable in the code (a C array with the pixels).
- a file stored externally (like on an SD card).
- a text with [Symbols](/overview/font).
To set the source of an image, use `lv_img_set_src(img, src)`.
To generate a pixel array from a PNG, JPG or BMP image, use the [Online image converter tool](https://lvgl.io/tools/imageconverter) and set the converted image with its pointer: `lv_img_set_src(img1, &converted_img_var);`
To make the variable visible in the C file, you need to declare it with `LV_IMG_DECLARE(converted_img_var)`.
To use external files, you also need to convert the image files using the online converter tool but now you should select the binary output format.
You also need to use LVGL's file system module and register a driver with some functions for the basic file operation. Go to the [File system](/overview/file-system) to learn more.
To set an image sourced from a file, use `lv_img_set_src(img, "S:folder1/my_img.bin")`.
You can set a symbol similarly to [Labels](/widgets/core/label). In this case, the image will be rendered as text according to the *font* specified in the style. It enables to use of light-weighted mono-color
"letters" instead of real images. You can set symbol like `lv_img_set_src(img1, LV_SYMBOL_OK)`.
### Label as an image
Images and labels are sometimes used to convey the same thing. For example, to describe what a button does.
Therefore, images and labels are somewhat interchangeable, that is the images can display texts by using `LV_SYMBOL_DUMMY` as the prefix of the text. For example, `lv_img_set_src(img, LV_SYMBOL_DUMMY "Some text")`.
### Transparency
The internal (variable) and external images support 2 transparency handling methods:
- **Chrome keying** - Pixels with `LV_COLOR_CHROMA_KEY` (*lv_conf.h*) color will be transparent.
- **Alpha byte** - An alpha byte is added to every pixel that contains the pixel's opacity
### Palette and Alpha index
Besides *True color* (RGB) color format, the following formats are also supported:
- **Indexed** - Image has a palette.
- **Alpha indexed** - Only alpha values are stored.
These options can be selected in the image converter. To learn more about the color formats, read the [Images](/overview/image) section.
### Recolor
A color can be mixed to every pixel of an image with a given intensity.
It is very useful to show different states (checked, inactive, pressed, etc.) of an image without storing more versions of the same image.
This feature can be enabled in the style by setting `img_recolor_opa` between `LV_OPA_TRANSP` (no recolor, value: 0) and `LV_OPA_COVER` (full recolor, value: 255).
The default value is `LV_OPA_TRANSP` so this feature is disabled.
The color to mix is set by `img_recolor`.
### Auto-size
Is the width or height of the image object is set to `LV_SIZE_CONTENT` the obejct's size will be set according to the size of image source in the respective direction.
### Mosaic
If the object's size is greater than the image size in any directions, then the image will be repeated like a mosaic.
It's a very useful feature to create a large image from only a very narrow source.
For example, you can have a *300 x 5* image with a special gradient and set it as a wallpaper using the mosaic feature.
### Offset
With `lv_img_set_offset_x(img, x_ofs)` and `lv_img_set_offset_y(img, y_ofs)`, you can add some offset to the displayed image.
It is useful if the object size is smaller than the image source size.
Using the offset parameter a [Texture atlas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture_atlas) or a "running image" effect can be created by [Animating](/overview/animation) the x or y offset.
## Transformations
Using the `lv_img_set_zoom(img, factor)` the images will be zoomed. Set `factor` to `256` or `LV_IMG_ZOOM_NONE` to disable zooming.
A larger value enlarges the images (e.g. `512` double size), a smaller value shrinks it (e.g. `128` half size).
Fractional scale works as well. E.g. `281` for 10% enlargement.
To rotate the image use `lv_img_set_angle(img, angle)`. Angle has 0.1 degree precision, so for 45.8° set 458.
The `transform_zoom` and `transform_angle` style proeprties are also used to determin the final zoom and angle.
By default, the pivot point of the rotation is the center of the image. It can be changed with `lv_img_set_pivot(img, pivot_x, pivot_y)`. `0;0` is the top left corner.
The quality of the transformation can be adjusted with `lv_img_set_antialias(img, true/false)`. With enabled anti-aliasing the transformations has a higher quality but they are slower.
The transformations require the whole image to be available. Therefore indexed images (`LV_IMG_CF_INDEXED_...`), alpha only images (`LV_IMG_CF_ALPHA_...`) or images from files can not be transformed.
In other words transformations work only on true color images stored as C array, or if a custom [Image decoder](/overview/images#image-edecoder) returns the whole image.
Note that, the real coordinates of image object won't change during transformation. That is `lv_obj_get_width/height/x/y()` will returned the original, non-zoomed coordinates.
## Events
No special events are sendt by the imge objects.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
No *Keys* are processed by the object type.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/img/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_img.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/object-types/index.md
```
# Core widgets
```eval_rst
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
arc
bar
btn
btnmatrix
canvas
checkbox
dropdown
img
label
line
roller
slider
switch
table
textarea
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/core/label.md
```
# Label (lv_label)
## Overview
A label is the basic object type that is used to display text.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` Uses all the typical background properties and the text properties. The padding values can be used to add space between the text and the background.
- `LV_PART_SCROLLBAR` The scrollbar that is shown when the text is larger than the widget's size.
- `LV_PART_SELECTED` Tells the style of the [selected text](#text-selection). Only `text_color` and `bg_color` style properties can be used.
## Usage
### Set text
You can set the text on a label at runtime with `lv_label_set_text(label, "New text")`.
It will allocate a buffer dynamically, and the provided string will be copied into that buffer.
Therefore, you don't need to keep the text you pass to `lv_label_set_text` in scope after that function returns.
With `lv_label_set_text_fmt(label, "Value: %d", 15)` printf formatting can be used to set the text.
Labels are able to show text from a static character buffer. To do so, use `lv_label_set_text_static(label, "Text")`.
In this case, the text is not stored in the dynamic memory and the given buffer is used directly instead.
This means that the array can't be a local variable which goes out of scope when the function exits.
Constant strings are safe to use with `lv_label_set_text_static` (except when used with `LV_LABEL_LONG_DOT`, as it modifies the buffer in-place), as they are stored in ROM memory, which is always accessible.
### New line
New line characters are handled automatically by the label object. You can use `\n` to make a line break. For example: `"line1\nline2\n\nline4"`
### Long modes
By default, the width and height of the label is set to `LV_SIZE_CONTENT`therefore the size of the label is automatically expands to the text size.
Otherwise, if the width or height is explicitly set (useing e.g.`lv_obj_set_width` or a layout), the lines wider than the label's width can be manipulated according to several long mode policies.
Similary, the policies can be applied if the height of the text is greater than the height of the label.
- `LV_LABEL_LONG_WRAP` Wrap too long lines. If the height is `LV_SIZE_CONTENT` the label's height will be expanded, elst the text will be clipped. (Default)
- `LV_LABEL_LONG_DOT` Replaces the last 3 characters from bottom right corner of the label with dots (`.`)
- `LV_LABEL_LONG_SCROLL` If the text is wider than the label scroll it horizontally back and forth. If it's higher, scroll vertically. Only one direction is scrolled and horizontal scrolling has higher precedence.
- `LV_LABEL_LONG_SCROLL_CIRCULAR` If the text is wider than the label scroll it horizontally continously. If it's higher, scroll vertically. Only one direction is scrolled and horizontal scrolling has higher precedence.
- `LV_LABEL_LONG_CLIP` Simply clip the parts of the text outside of the label.
You can specify the long mode with `lv_label_set_long_mode(label, LV_LABEL_LONG_...)`
Note that `LV_LABEL_LONG_DOT` manipulates the text buffer in-place in order to add/remove the dots.
When `lv_label_set_text` or `lv_label_set_array_text` are used, a separate buffer is allocated and this implementation detail is unnoticed.
This is not the case with `lv_label_set_text_static`. The buffer you pass to `lv_label_set_text_static` must be writable if you plan to use `LV_LABEL_LONG_DOT`.
### Text recolor
In the text, you can use commands to recolor parts of the text. For example: `"Write a #ff0000 red# word"`.
This feature can be enabled individually for each label by `lv_label_set_recolor()` function.
### Text selection
If enabled by `LV_LABEL_TEXT_SELECTION` part of the text can be selected. It's similar when on PC a you use your mouse to select a text.
The whole mechanzim (click and select the text as you drag your finger/mouse) is implemeted in [Text area](/widgets/core/textarea) and the Label widget allows only to manually make parts of the text selected with
`lv_label_get_text_selection_start(label, start_char_index)` and `lv_label_get_text_selection_start(label, end_char_index)`.
### Very long texts
LVGL can efficiently handle very long (e.g. > 40k characters) by saving some extra data (~12 bytes) to speed up drawing. To enable this feature, set `LV_LABEL_LONG_TXT_HINT 1` in `lv_conf.h`.
### Symbols
The labels can display symbols alongside letters (or on their own). Read the [Font](/overview/font) section to learn more about the symbols.
## Events
No special event's are send by the Label.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
No *Keys* are processed by the object type.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/label/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_label.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/line.md
```
# Line (lv_line)
## Overview
The Line object is capable of drawing straight lines between a set of points.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` It uses all the typical backgrund properties and the line style properties.
## Usage
### Set points
The points has to be stored in an `lv_point_t` array and passed to the object by the `lv_line_set_points(lines, point_array, point_cnt)` function.
### Auto-size
By default the Line's width and height is set to `LV_SIZE_CONTENT` to automatically set its size to involve all the points.
If the size if set explicitly the point out of the object
It can be enable with the `lv_line_set_auto_size(line, true)` function.
If enabled then when the points are set the object's width and height will be changed according to the maximal x and y coordinates among the points. The *auto size* is enabled by default.
### Invert y
By deafult, the *y == 0* point is in the top of the object. It might be conter-intuitive in some cases so the y coordinates can be inverted with `lv_line_set_y_invert(line, true)`. In this case, *y == 0* will be the bottom of teh obejct.
The *y invert* is disabled by default.
## Events
Only the [Generic events](../overview/event.html#generic-events) are sent by the object type.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
No *Keys* are processed by the object type.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/line/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_line.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/roller.md
```
# Roller (lv_roller)
## Overview
Roller allows you to simply select one option from more with scrolling.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The background of the roller that uses all the typical background properties and the text style properties. `style_text_line_space` adjusts the space between the options.
When the Roller is scrolled and doesn't stop exactly on an option it will scroll to the nearest valid option automatically in `anim_time` milliseconds as it's specified in the style.
- `LV_PART_SELECTED` The selected option in the middle. Besides the typical background properties it uses the text style properties to change the appearance of the text in the selected area.
## Usage
### Set options
The options are passed to the Roller as a string with `lv_roller_set_options(roller, options, LV_ROLLER_MODE_NORMAL/INFINITE)`. The options should be separated by `\n`. For example: `"First\nSecond\nThird"`.
`LV_ROLLER_MODE_INFINITE` make the roller circular.
You can select an option manually with `lv_roller_set_selected(roller, id, LV_ANIM_ON/OFF)`, where *id* is the index of an option.
### Get selected option
The get the currently selected option use `lv_roller_get_selected(roller)` it will return the *index* of the selected option.
`lv_roller_get_selected_str(roller, buf, buf_size)` copy the name of the selected option to `buf`.
### Visible rows
The number of visible rows can be adjusted with `lv_roller_set_visible_row_count(roller, num)`.
This function calculates the height with the current style. If the font, line space, border width, etc of the roller changes this function needs to be called again.
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` Sent when a new option is selected.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
- `LV_KEY_RIGHT/DOWN` Select the next option
- `LV_KEY_LEFT/UP` Select the previous option
- `LY_KEY_ENTER` Apply the selected option (Send `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` event)
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/roller/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_roller.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/slider.md
```
# Slider (lv_slider)
## Overview
The Slider object looks like a [Bar](/widgets/core/bar) supplemented with a knob. The knob can be dragged to set a value. The Slider also can be vertical or horizontal.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The background of the slider and it uses all the typical background style properties. `padding` makes the indicator smaller in the respective direction.
- `LV_PART_INDICATOR` The indicator the show the current state of the slider. Also uses all the typical background style properties.
- `LV_PART_KNOB` A rectangle (or circle) drawn at the current value. It also uses all the typical background properties to describe the knob(s). By default the knob is square (with a optional radius) with side length equal to the smaller side of the slider. The knob can be made larger with the `padding` values. Padding values can be asymmetric too.
## Usage
### Value and range
To set an initial value use `lv_slider_set_value(slider, new_value, LV_ANIM_ON/OFF)`. The animation time is set by the styles' `anim_time` property.
To specify the range (min, max values) the `lv_slider_set_range(slider, min , max)` can be used.
### Modes
The slider can be one the following modes:
- `LV_SLIDER_MODE_NORMAL` A normal slider as described above
- `LV_SLIDER_SYMMETRICAL` Draw the indicator form the zero value to current value. Requires negaitve minimum range and positive maximum range.
- `LV_SLIDER_RANGE` Allows setting the start value too by `lv_bar_set_start_value(bar, new_value, LV_ANIM_ON/OFF)`. The start value has to be always smaller than the end value.
The mode can be changed with `lv_slider_set_mode(slider, LV_SLIDER_MODE_...)`
### Knob-only mode
Normally, the slider can be adjusted either by dragging the knob, or clicking on the slider bar.
In the latter case the knob moves to the point clicked and slider value changes accordingly. In some cases it is desirable to set the slider to react on dragging the knob only.
This feature is enabled by adding the `LV_OBJ_FLAG_ADV_HITTEST`: `lv_obj_add_flag(slider, LV_OBJ_FLAG_ADV_HITTEST)`.
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` Sent while the slider is being dragged or changed with keys.
The event is sent continuously while the slider is dragged and only when it is released. Use `lv_slider_is_dragged` to decide whether is slider is being dragged or just released.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
- `LV_KEY_UP/RIGHT` Increment the slider's value by 1
- `LV_KEY_DOWN/LEFT` Decrement the slider's value by 1
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/slider/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_slider.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/switch.md
```
# Switch (lv_switch)
## Overview
The Switch can be used to turn on/off something. It looks like a little slider.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The background of the switch and it uses all the typical background style properties. `padding` makes the indicator smaller in the respective direction.
- `LV_PART_INDICATOR` The indicator the show the current state of the switch. Also uses all the typical background style properties.
- `LV_PART_KNOB` A rectangle (or circle) drawn at left or right side of teh indicator. It also uses all the typical background properties to describe the knob(s). By default the knob is square (with a optional radius) with side length equal to the smaller side of the slider. The knob can be made larger with the `padding` values. Padding values can be asymmetric too.
## Usage
### Change state
When the switch is turned on it goes to `LV_STATE_CHACKED`. To get the current satte of the switch use `lv_obj_has_state(switch, LV_STATE_CHECHKED)`.
To manually turn the switch on/off call `lvobj_add/clear_state(switch, LV_STATE_CHECKED)`.
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` Sent when the switch changes state.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
- `LV_KEY_UP/RIGHT` Turns on the slider
- `LV_KEY_DOWN/LEFT` Turns off the slider
- `LV_KEY_ENTER` Toggles the switch
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/switch/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_switch.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/table.md
```
# Table (lv_table)
## Overview
Tables, as usual, are built from rows, columns, and cells containing texts.
The Table object is very light weighted because only the texts are stored. No real objects are created for cells but they are just drawn on the fly.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The background of the table and uses all the typical background style properties.
- `LV_PART_ITEMS` The cells of the table and they also use all the typical background style properties and the text properties.
## Usage
### Set cell value
The cells can store only texts so numbers needs to be converted to text before displaying them in a table.
`lv_table_set_cell_value(table, row, col, "Content")`. The text is saved by the table so it can be even a local variable.
Line break can be used in the text like `"Value\n60.3"`.
The new rows and column are automatically added is required
### Rows and Columns
To explicitly set number of rows and columns use `lv_table_set_row_cnt(table, row_cnt)` and `lv_table_set_col_cnt(table, col_cnt)`
### Width and Height
The width of the columns can be set with `lv_table_set_col_width(table, col_id, width)`. The overall width of the Table object will be set to the sum of columns widths.
The height is calculated automatically from the cell styles (font, padding etc) and the number of rows.
### Merge cells
Cells can be merged horizontally with `lv_table_set_cell_merge_right(table, col, row, true)`. To merge more adjacent cells apply this function for each cell.
### Scroll
If the label's width or height is set to `LV_SIZE_CONTENT` that size will be se to show the whole table in the respective direction.
E.g. `lv_obj_set_size(table, LV_SIZE_CONTENT, LV_SIZE_CONTENT)` automatically sets the table size to show all the columns and rows.
If the width or height is set to smaller number than the "intrinsic" size then the table becomes scrollable.
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_DRAW_PART_BEGIN` and `LV_EVENT_DRAW_PART_END` are sent for both main and items parts to allow hooking the drawing.
The for more detail on the main part see the [Base object](/widgets/obj#events)'s documentation.
For the items (sells) the following fields are used: `clip_area`, `draw_area`, `part`, `rect_dsc`, `label_dsc` `id` (current row × col count + current column).
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
No *Keys* are processed by the object type.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/table/index.rst
```
### MicroPython
No examples yet.
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_table.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/textarea.md
```
# Text area (lv_textarea)
## Overview
The Text Area is a [Base object](widgets/obj) with a [Label](/widgets/core/label) and a cursor on it.
Texts or characters can be added to it.
Long lines are wrapped and when the text becomes long enough the Text area can be scrolled.
One line mode and password modes are supported.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The background of the text area and it uses all the typical backgrond style properties and the text related style properties including `text_align` to align the text to the left, right or center.
- `LV_PART_SCROLLBAR` The scrollbar that is shown when the text is too long.
- `LV_PART_SELECTED` Tells the style of the [selected text](#text-selection). Only `text_color` and `bg_color` style properties can be used.
- `LV_PART_CURSOR` Marks the position where the characters are inserted. The cursor's area is always the bounding box of the current character.
A block cursor can be created by adding a background color and background opacity to `LV_PART_CURSOR`'s style. The create line cursor let the cursor transparent and set a left border.
The `anim_time` style property sets the cursors blink time.
- `LV_PART_TEXTAREA_PLACEHOLDER` It's a part related only to the text area and allows styling the placeholder text.
## Usage
### Add text
You can insert text or characters to the current cursor's position with:
- `lv_textarea_add_char(textarea, 'c')`
- `lv_textarea_add_text(textarea, "insert this text")`
To add wide characters like `'á'`, `'ß'` or CJK characters use `lv_textarea_add_text(ta, "á")`.
`lv_textarea_set_text(ta, "New text")` changes the whole text.
### Placeholder
A placeholder text can be specified - which is displayed when the Text area is empty - with `lv_textarea_set_placeholder_text(ta, "Placeholder text")`
### Delete character
To delete a character from the left of the current cursor position use `lv_textarea_del_char(textarea)`.
To delete from the right use `lv_textarea_del_char_forward(textarea)`
### Move the cursor
The cursor position can be modified directly like `lv_textarea_set_cursor_pos(textarea, 10)`.
The `0` position means "before the first characters",
`LV_TA_CURSOR_LAST` means "after the last character"
You can step the cursor with
- `lv_textarea_cursor_right(textarea)`
- `lv_textarea_cursor_left(textarea)`
- `lv_textarea_cursor_up(textarea)`
- `lv_textarea_cursor_down(textarea)`
If `lv_textarea_set_cursor_click_pos(textarea, true)` is applied the cursor will jump to the position where the Text area was clicked.
### Hide the cursor
The cursor is always visible, hiwever it can be good idea to style to be visible only in `LV_STATE_FOCUSED` state.
### One line mode
The Text area can be configures to be one lined with `lv_textarea_set_one_line(textarea, true)`.
In this mode the height is set automatically to show only one line, line break character are ignored, and word wrap is disabled.
### Password mode
The text area supports password mode which can be enabled with `lv_textarea_set_password_mode(textarea, true)`.
If the `•` ([Bullet, U+2022](http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/2022/index.htm)) character exists in the font, the entered characters are converted to it after some time or when a new character is entered.
If `•` not exists, `*` will be used.
In password mode `lv_textarea_get_text(textarea)` gives the real text, not the bullet characters.
The visibility time can be adjusted with `LV_TEXTAREA_DEF_PWD_SHOW_TIME)` in `lv_conf.h`.
### Accepted characters
You can set a list of accepted characters with `lv_textarae_set_accepted_chars(textarea, "0123456789.+-")`.
Other characters will be ignored.
### Max text length
The maximum number of characters can be limited with `lv_textarea_set_max_length(textarea, max_char_num)`
### Very long texts
If there is a very long text in the Text area (e. g. > 20k characters) its scrolling and drawing might be slow.
However, by enabling `LV_LABEL_LONG_TXT_HINT 1` in `lv_conf.h` the performance can be hugely improved.
It will save some information about the label to speed up its drawing.
Using `LV_LABEL_LONG_TXT_HINT` the scrolling and drawing will as fast as with "normal" short texts.
### Select text
A part of text can be selected if enabled with `lv_textarea_set_text_selection(textarea, true)`.
It works like when you select a text on your PC with your mouse.
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_INSERT` Sent when before a character or text is inserted.
The event paramter is the text planned to be inserted. `lv_textarea_set_insert_replace(textarea, "New text")` replaces the text to insert.
The new text can not be in a local variable which is destroyed when the event callback exists. `""` means do not insert anything.
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` Sent when the content of the text area has been changed.
- `LV_EVENT_APPLY` Sent when `LV_KEY_ENTER` is pressed (or(sent) to a one line text area.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
- `LV_KEY_UP/DOWN/LEFT/RIGHT` Move the cursor
- `Any character` Add the character to the current cursor position
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/textarea/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_textarea.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/extra/calendar.md
```
# Calendar (lv_calendar)
## Overview
The Calendar object is a classic calendar which can:
- can show the days of any month in a 7x7 matrix
- Show the name of the days
- highlight the current day (today)
- highlight any user-defined dates
The Calendar is added to the default group (if it is set). Besides the Calendar is an editable object to allow selecting and clicking the dates with encoder navigation too.
To make the Calendar flexible, by default it doesn't show the current year or month. Instead, there area external "headers" that can be attached to the calendar.
## Parts and Styles
The calendar object uses the [Button matrix](/widgets/core/btnmatrix) object under the hood to arrange the days into a matrix.
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The background of the calendar. It uses all the background related style properties.
- `LV_PART_ITEMS` Refers to the dates and day names. Button matrix control flags are set the to differentiate the buttons and a custom drawer event is added modify the properties of the buttons
- day names have no border, no background and drawn with a gray color
- days of the previous and next month have `LV_BTNMATRIX_CTRL_DISABLED` flag
- today has a ticker border with the themes primary color
- highlighted day have some opacity with the themes primary color.
## Usage
Some functions uses the `lv_calendar_date_t` type which is a structure with `year`, `month` and `day` fields.
### Current date
To set the current date (today), use the `lv_calendar_set_today_date(calendar, year, month, day)` function. `month` needs to be in 1..12 range and `day` in 1..31 range.
### Shown date
To set the shown date, use `lv_calendar_set_shown_date(calendar, year, month)`;
### Highlighted days
The list of highlighted dates should be stored in a `lv_calendar_date_t` array loaded by `lv_calendar_set_highlighted_dates(calendar, highlighted_dates, date_num)`.
Only the arrays pointer will be saved so the array should be a static or global variable.
### Name of the days
The name of the days can be adjusted with `lv_calendar_set_day_names(calendar, day_names)` where `day_names` looks like `const char * day_names[7] = {"Su", "Mo", ...};`
Only the pointer of the day names is saved so the elements should be static, global or constant variables.
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` Sent is a data is clicked. `lv_calendar_get_pressed_date(calendar, &date)` tells which day is currently being pressed. Returns `LV_RES_OK` if theres is valid pressed data, else `LV_RES_INV`.
Learn more about [vent](/overview/event).
## Keys
- `LV_KEY_RIGHT/UP/LEFT/RIGHT` To navigate among the buttons to dates
- `LV_KEY_ENTER` To press/release the selected date
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Headers
### Arrow buttons
`lv_calendar_header_arrow_create(parent, calendar, button_size)` creates a header that contains a left and right arrow on the sides and a text with the current year and month between them.
### Drop-down
`lv_calendar_header_dropdown_create(parent, calendar)` creates a header that contains 2 drop-drown lists: one for the year and an other for the month.
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/calendar/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_calendar.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/extra/chart.md
```
# Chart (lv_chart)
## Overview
Charts are a basic object to visualize data points.
They support *Line* charts (connect points with lines and/or draw points on them) and *Bar* charts.
Charts also support:
- division lines
- 2 y axis
- axis ticks and texts on ticks
- cursors
- scrolling and zooming
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The background of the chart. It uses all the typical background related style properties and *line* properties for the division lines. *Padding* makes the series area smaller.
- `LV_PART_SCROLLBAR` The scrollbar used if the chart is zoomed. See the [Base object](/widgets/obj)'s documentation for details.
- `LV_PART_ITEMS` Refers to the line or bar series.
- Line chart: The *line* properties are used by the lines. `width`, `height`, `bg_color` and `radius` is used to set the appearance of points.
- Bar chart: The typical background properties are used to style the bars.
- `LV_PART_INDICATOR` Refers to the points on line and scatter chart (small circles or squares).
- `LV_PART_CURSOR` *Line* properties are used to style the cursors. `width`, `height`, `bg_color` and `radius` is used to set the appearance of points.
- `LV_PART_TICKS` *Line* and *Text* style properties are used to style the ticks
## Usage
### Chart type
The following data display types exist:
- `LV_CHART_TYPE_NONE` Do not display any data. It can be used to hide the series.
- `LV_CHART_TYPE_LINE` Draw lines between the data points and/or points (rectangles or circles) on the data points.
- `LV_CHART_TYPE_BAR` - Draw bars.
- `LV_CHART_TYPE_SCATTER` - X/Y chart drawing point's and lines between the points. .
You can specify the display type with `lv_chart_set_type(chart, LV_CHART_TYPE_...)`.
### Data series
You can add any number of series to the charts by `lv_chart_add_series(chart, color, axis)`.
It allocates data for a `lv_chart_series_t` structure which contains the chosen `color` and an array for the data points.
`axis` can ha the following values:
- `LV_CHART_AXIS_PRIMARY_Y` Left axis
- `LV_CHART_AXIS_SECONDARY_Y` Right axis
- `LV_CHART_AXIS_PRIMARY_X` Bottom axis
- `LV_CHART_AXIS_SECONDARY_X` Top axis
`axis` tells which axis's range should be used te scale the values.
With `lv_chart_set_ext_y_array(chart, ser, value_array)` makes the chart use an external array for the given series.
`value_array` should look like this: `lv_coord_t * value_array[num_points]`. The array size needs to be large enough to hold all the points of that series.
The array's pointer will be saved in the chart so it needs to be global, static or dynamically allocated.
Note: you should call `lv_chart_refresh(chart)` after the external data source has been updated, to update the chart.
The value array of a series can be get by `lv_chart_get_y_array(chart, ser)`. It can be use with `ext_array` or *normal array*s.
For `LV_CHART_TYPE_SCATTER` type `lv_chart_set_ext_x_array(chart, ser, value_array)` and `lv_chart_get_x_array(chart, ser)` can be used as well.
### Modify the data
You have several options to set the data of series:
1. Set the values manually in the array like `ser1->points[3] = 7` and refresh the chart with `lv_chart_refresh(chart)`.
2. Use `lv_chart_set_value_by_id(chart, ser, value, id)` where `id` is the index of the point you wish to update.
3. Use the `lv_chart_set_next_value(chart, ser, value)`.
4. Initialize all points to a given value with: `lv_chart_set_all_value(chart, ser, value)`.
Use `LV_CHART_POINT_DEF` as value to make the library skip drawing that point, column, or line segment.
For `LV_CHART_TYPE_SCATTER` type `lv_chart_set_value_by_id2(chart, ser, id, value)` and `lv_chart_set_next_value2(chart, ser, x_valuem y_value)` can be used as well.
### Update modes
`lv_chart_set_next_value` can behave in two ways depending on *update mode*:
- `LV_CHART_UPDATE_MODE_SHIFT` Shift old data to the left and add the new one to the right.
- `LV_CHART_UPDATE_MODE_CIRCULAR` - Circularly add the new data (Like an ECG diagram).
The update mode can be changed with `lv_chart_set_update_mode(chart, LV_CHART_UPDATE_MODE_...)`.
### Number of points
The number of points in the series can be modified by `lv_chart_set_point_count(chart, point_num)`. The default value is 10.
Note: this also affects the number of points processed when an external buffer is assigned to a series. So you need to be sure the external array is large enough.
#### Handling large number of points
On line charts if the number of points is greater than the pixels horizontally, the Chart will draw only vertical lines to make the drawing of large amount of data effective.
If there are let's say 10 point a pixel, LVGL searches the smallest and the greatest value and draws a vertical lines between them. It ensures to not miss any peaks.
### Vertical range
You can specify the minimum and maximum values in y-direction with `lv_chart_set_range(chart, axis, min, max)`.
`axis` can be `LV_CHART_AXIS_PRIMARY` (left axis) or `LV_CHART_AXIS_SECONDARY` (right axis).
The value of the points will be scaled proportionally. The default range is: 0..100.
### Division lines
The number of horizontal and vertical division lines can be modified by `lv_chart_set_div_line_count(chart, hdiv_num, vdiv_num)`.
The default settings are 3 horizontal and 5 vertical division lines.
If the there is visible border on a side and there is not padding on that side the division line would be drawn on top the border, therefore on it won't be drawn.
### Override default start point for series
If you wish a plot to start from a point other than the default which is `point[0]` of the series, you can set an alternative
index with the function `lv_chart_set_x_start_point(chart, ser, id)` where `id` is the new index position to start plotting from.
Note that `LV_CHART_UPDATE_MODE_SHIFT` also changes the `start_point`.
### Tick marks and labels
Ticks and labels can be added to the axis with `lv_chart_set_axis_tick(chart, axis, major_len, minor_len, major_cnt, minor_cnt, label_en, draw_size)`.
- `axis` can be `LV_CHART_AXIS_X/PRIMARY_Y/SECONDARY_Y`
- `major_len` is the length of major ticks
- `minor_len` is the length of minor ticks
- `major_cnt` is the number of major ticks on the axis
- `minor_cnt` in the number of minor ticks between two major ticks
- `label_en` `true`: enable label drawing on major ticks
- `draw_size` extra size required to draw the tick and labels (start with 20 px and increase if the ticks/labels are clipped)
### Zoom
The chart can be zoom independently in x and y directions with `lv_chart_set_zoom_x(chart, factor)` and `lv_chart_set_zoom_y(chart, factor)`.
If `factor` is 256 there is no zoom. 512 means double zoom, etc. Fractional values are also possible but < 256 value is not allowed.
### Cursor
A cursor can be added with `lv_chart_cursor_t * c1 = lv_chart_add_cursor(chart, color, dir);`.
The possible values of `dir` `LV_DIR_NONE/RIGHT/UP/LEFT/DOWN/HOR/VER/ALL` or their OR-ed values to tell in which direction(s) should the cursor be drawn.
`lv_chart_set_cursor_pos(chart, cursor, &point)` sets the position of the cursor.
`pos` is a pointer to an `lv_point_t` variable. E.g. `lv_point_t point = {10, 20};`. If the chart is scrolled the cursor will remain on the same place.
`lv_chart_get_point_pos_by_id(chart, series, id, &point_out)` tells the coordinate of a given point. It's useful to place the cursor to given point.
`lv_chart_set_cursor_point(chart, cursor, series, point_id)` sticks the cursor the point. If the point's position changes (new value or scrolling) the cursor will move with the point.
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` Sent when a new point is clicked perssed. `lv_chart_get_pressed_point(chart)` returns the zero based index of the pressed point.
- `LV_EVENT_DRAW_PART_BEGIN` and `LV_EVENT_DRAW_PART_END` are sent for multiple parts. The fields of `lv_obj_draw_part_dsc_t` is set as the followings:
- `LV_PART_ITEMS` (the series)
- *Line chart* `clip_area`, `id` (index of the point), `value` (value of `id`th point), `p1`, `p2` (points of the line), `draw_area` (area of the point), `line_dsc`, `rect_dsc`, `sub_part_ptr` (pointer to the series), `part`
- *Bar chart* `clip_area`, `id` (index of the point), `value` (value of `id`th point), `draw_area` (area of the point), `rect_dsc`, `sub_part_ptr` (pointer to the series), `part`
- `LV_PART_TICKS` (major tick lines and label) `clip_area`, `id` (axis), `value` (scaled value of the tick), `text` (`value` converted to decimal), `line_dsc`, `label_dsc`, `part`
- `LV_PART_CURSOR` Te events are send for 3 times:
- vertical line `clip_area`, `p1`, `p2` (points of the line), `line_dsc`, `part`
- horizontal line `clip_area`, `p1`, `p2` (points of the line), `line_dsc`, `part`
- point `clip_area`, `draw_area` (points of the line), `rect_dsc`, `part`
- `LV_PART_MAIN` (the division lines) `clip_area`, `id` (index of the line), `p1`, `p2` (points of the line), `line_dsc`, `part`
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
No *Keys* are processed by the object type.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/chart/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_chart.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/extra/colorwheel.md
```
# Color wheel (lv_colorwheel)
## Overview
As its name implies *Color wheel* allows to select color. The Hue, Saturation and Value of the color can be selected after each other.
Long pressing the object, the color wheel will change to the next parameter of the color (hue, saturation or value).
Besides, double click will reset the current parameter.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` Only `arc_width` is used to set the width of the color wheel
- `LV_PART_KNOB` A rectangle (or circle) drawn on the current value. It uses all the rectangle like style properties and padding to make it larger than the width of the arc.
## Usage
### Create a color wheel
`lv_colorwheel_create(parent, knob_recolor)` creates a new color wheel. With `knob_recolor=true` the knob's background color will be set to the current color.
### Set color
The color can be set manually with `lv_colorwheel_set_hue/saturation/value(colorwheel, x)` or all at once with `lv_colorwheel_set_hsv(colorwheel, hsv)` or `lv_colorwheel_set_color(colorwheel, rgb)`
### Color mode
The current color mode can be manually selected with `lv_colorwheel_set_color_mode(colorwheel, LV_COLORWHEEL_MODE_HUE/SATURATION/VALUE)`.
The color mode be fixed (do not change with long press) using `lv_colorwheel_set_color_mode_fixed(colorwheel, true)`
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` Sent if a new color is selected.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
- `LV_KEY_UP`, `LV_KEY_RIGHT` Increment the current parameter's value by 1
- `LV_KEY_DOWN`, `LV_KEY_LEFT` Decrement the current parameter's by 1
- `LV_KEY_ENTER` By long press the next mode will be shown. By double click the current parameter will be reset.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/colorwheel/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_colorwheel.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/imgbtn.md
```
# Image button (lv_imgbtn)
## Overview
The Image button is very similar to the simple 'Button' object. The only difference is that it displays user-defined images in each state instead of drawing a rectangle.
You can set a left, right and center image, and the center image will be repeated to match the width of the object.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` Refers to the image(s). If background style properties are used, a rectangle will be drawn behind the image button.
## Usage
### Image sources
To set the image in a state, use the `lv_imgbtn_set_src(imgbtn, LV_IMGBTN_STATE_..., src_left, src_center, src_right)`.
The image sources works the same as described in the [Image object](/widgets/core/img) except that, "Symbols" are not supported by the Image button.
Any of the sources can `NULL`.
The possible states are:
- `LV_IMGBTN_STATE_RELEASED`
- `LV_IMGBTN_STATE_PRESSED`
- `LV_IMGBTN_STATE_DISABLED`
- `LV_IMGBTN_STATE_CHECKED_RELEASED`
- `LV_IMGBTN_STATE_CHECKED_PRESSED`
- `LV_IMGBTN_STATE_CHECKED_DISABLED`
If you set the sources only in `LV_IMGBTN_STATE_RELEASED`, the sources will be used in other states too.
If you set e.g. `LV_IMGBTN_STATE_PRESSED` they will be used in pressed state instead of the released images.
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` Sent when the button is toggled.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
- `LV_KEY_RIGHT/UP` Go to toggled state if `LV_OBJ_FLAG_CHECHABLE` is enabled.
- `LV_KEY_LEFT/DOWN` Go to non-toggled state if `LV_OBJ_FLAG_CHECHABLE` is enabled.
- `LV_KEY_ENTER` Clicks the button
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/imgbtn/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_imgbtn.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/object-types/index.md
```
# Extra widgets
```eval_rst
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
calendar
chart
colorwheel
imgbtn
keyboard
led
list
meter
msgbox
span
spinbox
spinner
tabview
tileview
win
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/keyboard.md
```
# Keyboard (lv_keyboard)
## Overview
The Keyboard object is a special [Button matrix](/widgets/core/btnmatrix) with predefined keymaps and other features to realize a virtual keyboard to write texts into a [Text area](/widgets/core/textarea).
## Parts and Styles
Similarly to Button matrices Keyboards consist of 2 part:
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The main part and uses all the typical background properties
- `LV_PART_ITEMS` The buttons and it also uses all typical background properties and the *text* properties.
## Usage
### Modes
The Keyboards have the following modes:
- `LV_KEYBOARD_MODE_TEXT_LOWER` Display lower case letters
- `LV_KEYBOARD_MODE_TEXT_UPPER` Display upper case letters
- `LV_KEYBOARD_MODE_TEXT_SPECIAL` Display special characters
- `LV_KEYBOARD_MODE_NUM` Display numbers, +/- sign, and decimal dot.
The `TEXT` modes' layout contains buttons to change mode.
To set the mode manually, use `lv_keyboard_set_mode(kb, mode)`. The default mode is `LV_KEYBOARD_MODE_TEXT_UPPER`.
### Assign Text area
You can assign a [Text area](/widgets/core/textarea) to the Keyboard to automatically put the clicked characters there.
To assign the text area, use `lv_keyboard_set_textarea(kb, ta)`.
### New Keymap
You can specify a new map (layout) for the keyboard with `lv_keyboard_set_map(kb, map)` and `lv_keyboard_set_ctrl_map(kb, ctrl_map)`.
Learn more about the [Button matrix](/widgets/core/btnmatrix) object.
Keep in mind that, using following keywords will have the same effect as with the original map:
- `LV_SYMBOL_OK` Apply.
- `LV_SYMBOL_CLOSE` or `LV_SYMBOL_KEYBOARD` Close.
- `LV_SYMBOL_BACKSPACE` Delete on the left.
- `LV_SYMBOL_LEFT` Move the cursor left.
- `LV_SYMBOL_RIGHT` Move the cursor right.
- `LV_SYMBOL_NEW_LINE` New line.
- *"ABC"* Load the uppercase map.
- *"abc"* Load the lower case map.
- *"1#"* Load the lower case map.
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` Sent when the button is pressed/released or repeated after long press. The event data is set to the ID of the pressed/released button.
- `LV_EVENT_READY` - The *Ok* button is clicked.
- `LV_EVENT_CANCEL` - The *Close* button is clicked.
The keyboard has a **default event handler** callback called `lv_keyboard_def_event_cb`.
It handles the button pressing, map changing, the assigned text area, etc.
You can remove it and replace it with a custom event handler if you wish.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
- `LV_KEY_RIGHT/UP/LEFT/RIGHT` To navigate among the buttons and select one.
- `LV_KEY_ENTER` To press/release the selected button.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Examples
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/keyboard/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_keyboard.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/led.md
```
# LED (lv_led)
## Overview
The LEDs are rectangle-like (or circle) object. It's brightness can be adjusted. With lower brightness the the colors of the LED become darker.
## Parts and Styles
The LEDs have only one main part, called `LV_LED_PART_MAIN` and it uses all the typical background style properties.
## Usage
### Color
You can set the color of the LED with `lv_led_set_color(led, lv_color_hex(0xff0080))`.
This will be used as background color, border color, and shadow color.
### Brightness
You can set their brightness with `lv_led_set_bright(led, bright)`. The brightness should be between 0 (darkest) and 255 (lightest).
### Toggle
Use `lv_led_on(led)` and `lv_led_off(led)` to set the brightness to a predefined ON or OFF value. The `lv_led_toggle(led)` toggles between the ON and OFF state.
## Events
No special event are sent by the LED object.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
No *Keys* are processed by the object type.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/led/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_led.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/list.md
```
# List (lv_list)
## Overview
The List is basically a rectangle with vertical layout to which Buttons and Texts can be added
## Parts and Styles
**Background**
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The main part of the list that uses all the typical background properties
- `LV_PART_SCROLLBAR` The scrollbar. See the [Base objects](/widgets/obj) documentation for details.
**Buttons and Texts**
See the [Button](/widgets/core/btn)'s and [Label](/widgets/core/label)'s documentation.
## Usage
### Buttons
`lv_list_add_btn(list, icon, text)` adds a full-width button with an icon - that can be an image or symbol - and a text.
The text starts to scroll horizontally if its too long.
### Texts
`lv_list_add_text(list, icon, text)` adds a text.
## Events
No special events are sent by the List, but sent by the Button as usual.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
No *Keys* are processed by the object type.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/list/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_list.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/extra/meter.md
```
# Meter (lv_meter)
## Overview
The Meter widget can visualize data in very flexible ways. In can show arcs, needles, ticks lines and labels.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The background of the Meter and it uses the typical background properties.
- `LV_PART_TICK` The tick lines a labels using the *line* and *text* style properties.
- `LV_PART_INDICATOR` The needle line or image using the *line* and *img* style properties, plus the background properties to draw a square (or circle) on the pivot of the needles. Padding makes the square larger.
- `LV_PART_ITEMS` The arcs using the *arc* properties.
## Usage
### Add a scale
For first a *Scale* needs to be added to the Meter with `lv_meter_scale_t * scale = lv_meter_add_scale(meter)`.
The Scale has minor and major ticks and labels on the major tick. Later indicators (needles, arcs, tick modifiers) can be added to the meter
Any number of scaled can be added to Meter.
The minor tick lines can be configured with: `lv_meter_set_scale_ticks(meter, scale, tick_count, line_width, tick_length, ctick_olor)`.
To add major tick lines use `lv_meter_set_scale_major_ticks(meter, scale, nth_major, tick_width, tick_length, tick_color, label_gap)`. `nth_major` tells how many minor ticks to skip to draw a major tick.
Labels are added automatically on major ticks with `label_gap` distance from the ticks with text proportionally to the values of the tick line.
`lv_meter_set_scale_range(meter, scale, min, max, angle_range, rotation)` sets the value and angle range of the scale.
### Add indicators
Indicators needs to be added to a Scale and their value is interpreted in the range of the Scale.
All the indicator add functions returns `lv_meter_indicator_t *`.
#### Needle line
`indic = lv_meter_add_needle_line(meter, scale, line_width, line_color, r_mod)` adds a needle line to a Scale. By default the length of the line is the same as the scale's radius but `r_mod` changes the length.
`lv_meter_set_indicator_value(meter, indic, value)` sets the value of the indicator.
#### Needle image
`indic = lv_meter_add_needle_img(meter, scale, img_src, pivot_x, pivot_y)` sets an image that will be used as a needle. `img_src` should be a needle pointing to the right like this `-O--->`.
`pivot_x` and `pivot_y` sets the pivot point of the rotation relative to the top left corner of the image.
`lv_meter_set_indicator_value(meter, inidicator, value)` sets the value of the indicator.
#### Arc
`indic = lv_meter_add_arc(meter, scale, arc_width, arc_color, r_mod)` adds and arc indicator. . By default the radius of the arc is the same as the scale's radius but `r_mod` changes the radius.
`lv_meter_set_indicator_start_value(meter, indic, value)` and `lv_meter_set_indicator_end_value(meter, inidicator, value)` sets the value of the indicator.
#### Scale lines (ticks)
`indic = lv_meter_add_scale_lines(meter, scale, color_start, color_end, local, width_mod)` adds an indicator that modifies the ticks lines.
If `local` is `true` the ticks' color will be faded from `color_start` to `color_end` in the indicator's start and end value range.
If `local` is `false` `color_start` and `color_end` is mapped to the start and end value of the scale and only a "slice" of that color gradient will be visible in the indicator's start and end value range.
`width_mod` modifies the width of the tick lines.
`lv_meter_set_indicator_start_value(meter, inidicator, value)` and `lv_meter_set_indicator_end_value(meter, inidicator, value)` sets the value of the indicator.
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_DRAW_PART_BEGIN` and `LV_EVENT_DRAW_PART_END` is sent for the tick labels to allow overwriting the texts. The following fields of `lv_obj_draw_part_dsc_t` is set:
`clip_area`, `part` (to `LV_PART_TICK`), `id` (the index of the major tick line), `value` (the value of the tick line), `label_dsc`, `text` (value converted to decimal)
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
No keys are handled by the Meter widget.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/meter/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_meter.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/extra/msgbox.md
```
# Message box (lv_msgbox)
## Overview
The Message boxes act as pop-ups.
They are built from a background container, a title, an optional close button, a text and optional buttons.
The text will be broken into multiple lines automatically and the height will be set automatically to involve the text and the buttons.
The message box can be a modal (block clicks on the rest of the screen) or not modal.
## Parts and Styles
The mesasge box is built from other widgets so you can check these widget's documentation for details.
- Background: [lv_obj](/widgets/obj)
- Close button: [lv_btn](/widgets/core/btn)
- Title and text: [lv_label](/widgets/core/label)
- Buttons: [lv_btnmatrix](/widgets/core/btnmatrix)
## Usage
### Create a messaeg box
`lv_msgbox_create(parent, title, txt, btn_txts[], add_close_btn)` creates a message box.
If `parent` is `NULL` the message box will be a modal. `title` and `txt` are strings for the title and the text.
`btn_txts[]` is an array with the buttons' text. E.g. `const char * btn_txts[] = {"Ok", "Cancel", NULL}`.
`add_colse_btn` can be `true` or `false` to add/don't add a close button.
### Get the parts
The building block of the message box can be get with the following functions:
```c
lv_obj_t * lv_msgbox_get_title(lv_obj_t * mbox);
lv_obj_t * lv_msgbox_get_close_btn(lv_obj_t * mbox);
lv_obj_t * lv_msgbox_get_text(lv_obj_t * mbox);
lv_obj_t * lv_msgbox_get_btns(lv_obj_t * mbox);
```
### Close the message box
`lv_msgbox_close(msgbox)` closes (deletes) the message box.
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` is sent by the buttons if one of them is clicked. `LV_OBJ_FLAG_EVENT_BUBBLE` is enabled on the buttons so you can add events to the message box itself.
In the event `lv_event_get_target(e)` will give the button matrix, `lv_event_get_current_target(e)` will give the message box. `lv_msgbox_get_active_btn_text(msgbox)` can be used to get the text of the clicked button.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
Keys have effect on the close button and button matrix. You can add them manually to a group if required.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/msgbox/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_msgbox.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/span.md
```
# Span (lv_span)
## Overview
A spangroup is the object that is used to display rich text. different from the label object, `spangroup` can automatically organize text of different fonts, colors, and sizes into the spangroup obj.
## Parts and Styles
- `LV_PART_MAIN` The spangroup has only the part.
## Usage
### Set text and style
spangroup object uses span to describe text and text style. so, first we need to create `span` descriptor use function `lv_span_t * span = lv_spangroup_new_span(spangroup)`.then use `lv_span_set_text(span, "text")` to set text.The style of the modified text is the same as the normal style used,eg:`lv_style_set_text_color(&span->style, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_RED))`.
If spangroup object `mode != LV_SPAN_MODE_FIXED`.You must call `lv_spangroup_refr_mode()` after you have modified `span` style(eg:set text, changed the font size, del span).
### Text align
like label object, The spangroup can be one the following modes:
- `LV_TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT` Align text to left.
- `LV_TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER` Align text to center.
- `LV_TEXT_ALIGN_RIGHT` Align text to right.
- `LV_TEXT_ALIGN_AUTO` Align text auto.
use function `lv_spangroup_set_align(spangroup, LV_TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER)` to set text align.
### Modes
The spangroup can be one the following modes:
- `LV_SPAN_MODE_FIXED` fixed the obj size.
- `LV_SPAN_MODE_EXPAND` Expand the object size to the text size. only one line.
- `LV_SPAN_MODE_BREAK` Keep width, break the too long lines and auto expand height.
use function `lv_spangroup_set_mode(spangroup, LV_SPAN_MODE_BREAK)` to set obj mode.
### Overflow
The spangroup can be one the following modes:
- `LV_SPAN_OVERFLOW_CLIP` truncate the text at the limit of the area.
- `LV_SPAN_OVERFLOW_ELLIPSIS` This mode value will display an ellipsis(`...`) when text overflow the area.
use function `lv_spangroup_set_overflow(spangroup, LV_SPAN_OVERFLOW_CLIP)` to set obj Overflow.
### first line indent
use function `lv_spangroup_set_indent(spangroup, 20)` to set text indent of first line.
## Events
No special events are sent by this widget.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
No *Keys* are processed by the object type.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/span/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_span.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/extra/spinbox.md
```
# Spinbox (lv_spinbox)
## Overview
The Spinbox contains a number as text which can be increased or decreased by *Keys* or API functions.
Under the hood the Spinbox is a modified [Text area](/widgets/core/textarea).
## Parts and Styles
The parts of the Spinbox are identiacl to the [Text area](/widgets/core/textarea).
### Value, range and step
`lv_spinbox_set_value(spinbox, 1234)` sets a new value on the Spinbox.
`lv_spinbox_increment(spinbox)` and `lv_spinbox_decrement(spinbox)` increments/decrements the value of the Spinbox according to the currently selected digit.
`lv_spinbox_set_range(spinbox, -1000, 2500)` sets a range. If the value is changed by `lv_spinbox_set_value`, by *Keys*,`lv_spinbox_increment/decrement` this range will be respected.
`lv_spinbox_set_step(spinbox, 100)` sets which digits to change on increment/decrement. Only 10^n values values can be set, and not for example 3.
### Format
`lv_spinbox_set_digit_format(spinbox, digit_count, separator_position)` sets the number format. `digit_count` is the number of digit excluding the decimal separator and the sign.
`separator_position` is the number of digit before the decimal point. If 0, decimal point is not
### Rollover
`lv_spinbox_set_rollover(spinbox, true/false)` enables/disabled rolloiver mode. If the minimum or maximum values is reached with rollover the value will change to the other limit.
If not enabled the value will be reamain at the minimum or maximum value.
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` Sent when the value has changed.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
- `LV_KEY_LEFT/RIGHT` With *Keypad* move the cursor left/right. With *Encoder* decrement/increment the selected digit.
- `LV_KEY_UP/DOWN` With *Keypad* and *Encoder* increment/decrement the value.
- `LV_KEY_ENTER` With *Encoder* got the net digit. Jump to the first after the last.
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/spinbox/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_spinbox.h
:project: lvgl
```
## Example

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/extra/spinner.md
```
# Spinner (lv_spinner)
## Overview
The Spinner object is a spinning arc over a ring.
## Parts and Styles
The parts are identical to the parts of [lv_arc](/widgets/core/arc).
## Usage
### Create a spinner
To create spinner use `lv_spinner_create(parent, spin_time, arc_length)`. `spin time` set the spin time in milliseconds, `arc_length` sets the length of the spinning arc in degrees.
## Events
No special events are sent the the Spinner.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
No *Keys* are processed by the object type.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/spinner/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_spinner.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/extra/tabview.md
```
# Tabview (lv_tabview)
## Overview
The Tab view object can be used to organize content in tabs.
The Tab view is built from other widgets like this:
- Main container: [lv_obj](/widgets/obj))
- Tab buttons: [lv_btnmatrix](/widgets/core/btnmatrix)
- Container for the tabs: [lv_obj](/widgets/obj)
- Content of the tabs: [lv_obj](/widgets/obj)
The tab buttons can be positioned on the topn, bottom, left and right side of teh Tab view.
A new tab can be selected either clicking on a tab button or sliding horizontally on the content.
## Parts and Styles
There are no special parts on the Tab view but the `lv_obj` and `lv_btnnmatrix` widgets are used to build up the Tab view.
## Usage
### Create a Tab view
`lv_tabview_create(parent, tab_pos, tab_size);` creates a new empty Tab view. `tab_pos` can be `LV_DIR_TOP/BOTTOM/LEFT/RIGHT` to position the tab buttons to a side.
`tab_size` is the height (in case of `LV_DIR_TOP/BOTTOM`) or width (in case of `LV_DIR_LEFT/RIGHT`) tab buttons.
### Add tabs
New tabs can be added with `lv_tabview_add_tab(tabview, "Tab name")`. It will return with a pointer to an [lv_obj](/widgets/obj) object where the tab's content can be created.
### Change tab
To select a new tab you can:
- Click on its tab button
- Slide horizontally
- Use `lv_tabview_set_act(tabview, id, LV_ANIM_ON/OFF)` function
### Get the parts
`lv_tabview_get_content(tabview)` return the container for the tabs, `lv_tabview_get_tab_btns(tabview)` returns the Tab buttons which is a [Button matrix](/widgets/core/btnmatrix).
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` Sent when a new tab is selected by sliding or clicking the tab button. `lv_tabview_get_tab_act(tabview)` returns the zero based index of the current tab.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
Keys have effect only on the tab buttons (Button matrix). You can add it manually to a group if required.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/tabview/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_tabview.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/tileview.md
```
# Tile view (lv_tileview)
## Overview
The Tile view is a container object where its elements (called *tiles*) can be arranged in a grid form.
By swiping the user can navigate between the tiles.
Any direction of swiping can be disabled on the tiles individually to not allow moving from tile to an other.
If the Tile view is screen sized it gives a user interface you might have seen on the smartwatches.
## Parts and Styles
The Tile view is build from an [lv_obj](/widgets/obj) container and also [lv_obj](/widgets/obj) tiles.
The parts and styles work the same as for [lv_obj](/widgets/obj).
## Usage
### Add a tile
`lv_tileview_add_tile(tileview, row_id, col_id, dir)` creates a new tile on the `row_id`th row and `col_id`th column.
`dir` can be `LV_DIR_LEFT/RIGHT/TOP/BOTTOM/HOR/VER/ALL` or OR-ed values to enable moving to the adjacent tiles into the given direction with swiping.
The returned value is an `lv_obj_t *` on which the content of the tab can be created.
### Change tile
The Tile view can scroll to a tile with `lv_obj_set_tile(tileview, tile_obj, LV_ANIM_ON/OFF)` or `lv_obj_set_tile_id(tileviewv, col_id, row_id, LV_ANIM_ON/OFF);`
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` Sent when a new tile loaded either with scrolling. `lv_tileview_get_tile_act(tabview)` can be used to get current tile.
## Keys
*Keys* are not handled by the Tile view.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/tileview/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_tileview.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/win.md
```
# Window (lv_win)
## Overview
The Window is container-like objects built from a header with title and button and a content area.
## Parts and Styles
The Window is built from other widgets so you can check these widget's documentation for details:
- Background: [lv_obj](/widgets/obj)
- Header on the background: [lv_obj](/widgets/obj)
- Title on the header: [lv_label](/widgets/core/label)
- Buttons on the header: [lv_btn](/widgets/core/btn)
- Content area on the background: [lv_obj](/widgets/obj)
## Usage
### Create a Window
`lv_win_create(parent, header_height)` creates a Window with am empty header.
### Title and buttons
Any number of text's (but typically only one) can be added to the header with `lv_win_add_title(win, "The title")`.
Control buttons can be added to the window's header with `lv_win_add_btn_right(win, icon, btn_width)`. `icon` can be any image source, and `btn_width` is the width of the button.
The title and the buttons will be added in the order of the functions are called. So adding a button, a text and two other buttons will result in a button on the left, a title, ant 2 buttons on the right.
The width of the title is set to take all the remaining space on the header. In other words it pushes the buttons to the right added after the title.
## Get the parts
`lv_win_get_header(win)` return a pointer to the header, `lv_win_get_content(win)` returns a pointer to the content container to which the content of the window can be added.
## Events
No special events are sent by the windows, however events can be added manually to the return value of `lv_win_add_btn_right`.
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
No *Keys* are handled by the window.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../../examples/widgets/win/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_win.h
:project: lvgl
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/object-types/index.md
```
# Widgets
```eval_rst
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
obj
core/index
extra/index
```

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```eval_rst
.. include:: /header.rst
:github_url: |github_link_base|/widgets/obj.md
```
# Base object (lv_obj)
## Overview
The 'Base Object' implements the basic properties of widgets on a screen, such as:
- coordinates
- parent object
- children
- contains the styles
- attributes like *Clickable*, *Scrollable*, etc.
In object-oriented thinking, it is the base class from which all other objects in LVGL are inherited.
The functions and functionalities of Base object can be used with other widgets too. For example `lv_obj_set_width(slider, 100)`
The Base object can be directly used as a simple widgets. It nothing else than a rectangle. Or from the the HTML world it's like a `<div>`.
### Coordinates
Here only a small subset of cooridnate settings is described. To see all the features of LVGL (padding, cooridnates in styles, layouts, etc) visit the [Coordinates](/overview/coords) page.
#### Size
The object size can be modified on individual axes with `lv_obj_set_width(obj, new_width)` and `lv_obj_set_height(obj, new_height)`, or both axes can be modified at the same time with `lv_obj_set_size(obj, new_width, new_height)`.
#### Position
You can set the x and y coordinates relative to the parent with `lv_obj_set_x(obj, new_x)` and `lv_obj_set_y(obj, new_y)`, or both at the same time with `lv_obj_set_pos(obj, new_x, new_y)`.
#### Alignment
You can align the object on it's parent with `lv_obj_set_align(obj, LV_ALIGN_...)`. After this every x and y settings will be ralitiev to the set alignment mode.
For example a this will shift the object by 10;20 px fro mthe center of its parent.
```c
lv_obj_set_align(obj, LV_ALIGN_CENTER);
lv_obj_set_pos(obj, 10, 20);
//Or in one function
lv_obj_align(obj, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 10, 20);
```
To align an object to an other use `lv_obj_align_to(obj_to_align, obj_referece, LV_ALIGN_..., x, y)`
For example, to align a text below an image: `lv_obj_align(text, image, LV_ALIGN_OUT_BOTTOM_MID, 0, 10)`.
The following align types exists:
![](/misc/align.png "Alignment types in LVGL")
### Parents and children
You can set a new parent for an object with `lv_obj_set_parent(obj, new_parent)`. To get the current parent, use `lv_obj_get_parent(obj)`.
To get a specific children of a parent use `lv_obj_get_child(parent, idx)`. Some examples for `idx`:
- `0` get the firstly (youngest) created child
- `1` get the secondly created child
- `-1` get the lastly (youngest) craeted child
The children can be iterated lke this
```c
uint32_t i;
for(i = 0; i < lv_obj_get_child_cnt(parent); i++) {
lv_obj_t * child = lv_obj_get_child(paernt, i);
/*Do something with child*/
}
```
`lv_obj_get_child_id(obj)` tells the index of the object. That is how many younger children its parent has.
You can bring an object to the foreground or send it to the background with `lv_obj_move_foreground(obj)` and `lv_obj_move_background(obj)`.
### Screens
When you have created a screen like `lv_obj_t * screen = lv_obj_create(NULL)`, you can load it with `lv_scr_load(screen)`. The `lv_scr_act()` function gives you a pointer to the current screen.
If you have more display then it's important to know that these functions operate on the lastly created or the explicitly selected (with `lv_disp_set_default`) display.
To get an object's screen use the `lv_obj_get_screen(obj)` function.
### Events
To set an event callback for an object, use `lv_obj_add_event_cb(obj, event_cb, LV_EVENT_..., user_data)`,
To manually send an event to an object, use `lv_event_send(obj, LV_EVENT_..., param)`
Read the [Event overview](/overview/event) to learn more about the events.
### Styles
Be sure to read the [Style overview](/overview/style). Here or only the most essential functions are described.
A new style can be added to an object with `lv_obj_add_style(obj, &new_style, selector)` function.
`selector` is a combination of part and state(s). E.g. `LV_PART_SCROLLBAR | LV_STATE_PRESSED`.
The Base object use `LV_PART_MAIN` style properties and `LV_PART_SCROLLBAR` with the typical backgroud style proeprties.
### Flags
There are some attributes which can be enabled/disabled by `lv_obj_add/clear_flag(obj, LV_OBJ_FLAG_...)`:
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_HIDDEN` Make the object hidden. (Like it wasn't there at all)
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_CLICKABLE` Make the object clickable by the input devices
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_CLICK_FOCUSABLE` Add focused state to the object when clicked
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_CHECKABLE` Toggle checked state when the object is clicked
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_SCROLLABLE` Make the object scrollable
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_SCROLL_ELASTIC` Allow scrolling inside but with slower speed
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_SCROLL_MOMENTUM` Make the object scroll further when "thrown"
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_SCROLL_ONE`Allow scrolling only one snapable children
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_SCROLL_CHAIN` Allow propagating the scroll to a parent
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_SCROLL_ON_FOCUS` Automatically scroll object to make it visible when focused
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_SNAPABLE` If scroll snap is enabled on the parent it can snap to this object
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_PRESS_LOCK` Keep the object pressed even if the press slid from the object
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_EVENT_BUBBLE` Propagate the events to the parent too
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_GESTURE_BUBBLE` Propagate the gestures to the parent
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_ADV_HITTEST` Allow performing more accurate hit (click) test. E.g. consider rounded corners.
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_IGNORE_LAYOUT` Make the object position-able by the layouts
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_FLOATING` Do not scroll the object when the parent scrolls and ignore layout
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_LAYOUT_1` Custom flag, free to use by layouts
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_LAYOUT_2` Custom flag, free to use by layouts
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_WIDGET_1` Custom flag, free to use by widget
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_WIDGET_2` Custom flag, free to use by widget
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_USER_1` Custom flag, free to use by user
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_USER_2` Custom flag, free to use by user
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_USER_3` Custom flag, free to use by user
- `LV_OBJ_FLAG_USER_4` Custom flag, free to use by usersection.
Some examples:
```c
/*Hide on object*/
lv_obj_add_flag(obj, LV_OBJ_FLAG_HIDDEN);
/*Make an obejct non-clickable*/
lv_obj_clear_flag(obj, LV_OBJ_FLAG_CLICKABLE);
```
### Groups
Read the [Input devices overview](/overview/indev) to learn more about the *Groups*.
Once, an object is added to *group* with `lv_group_add_obj(group, obj)` the object's current group can be get with `lv_obj_get_group(obj)`.
`lv_obj_is_focused(obj)` tells if the object is currently focused on its group or not. If the object is not added to a group, `false` will be returned.
### Extended click area
By default, the objects can be clicked only on their coordinates, however, this area can be extended with `lv_obj_set_ext_click_area(obj, size)`.
## Events
- `LV_EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED` when the `LV_OBJ_FLAG_CHECKABLE` flag is enabled and the obejct clicked (on transition to/from the checked state)
Learn more about [Events](/overview/event).
## Keys
If `LV_OBJ_FLAG_CHECKABLE` is enabled `LV_KEY_RIGHT` and `LV_KEY_UP` makes the object checked, and `LV_KEY_LEFT` and `LV_KEY_DOWN` makes it unchecked.
Learn more about [Keys](/overview/indev).
## Example
```eval_rst
.. include:: ../../examples/widgets/obj/index.rst
```
## API
```eval_rst
.. doxygenfile:: lv_obj.h
:project: lvgl
```